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           REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS


Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a process that uses pressure applied through a membrane barrier to remove dissolved solids from a liquid. The RO process uses cross-flow filtration as compared to depth filtration. The former has three streams while the latter two. In RO the feed flows tangentially over a membrane surface and separates into permeate and concentrate. The concentrate is normally wasted except when energy recovery is viable in which case the high pressure of the concentrate is used to reduce overall power consumption before disposal.
The PACT RO normally uses a thin film composite membrane wound in a spiral configuration. The standard PACT RO package is a skid-mounted unit that includes a cartridge filter; high pressure pump; membrane cleaning pump; membrane housings (pressure vessels); membrane elements; instrumentation for flow/pressure/temperature and conductivity; PLC-based control panel and; interconnecting piping, fittings, valves and electric wiring within the confines of the skid. As standard piping used on the high pressure side (feed and concentrate) is 316 stainless steel and on the low pressure side (product) is schedule 80 PVC. However, its client's option to request that all piping on the RO skid be 316 s/s or higher alloy steel.

PACT UPW Reverse Osmosis Systems

Model No.

Product Capacity
(m3 /24h)

Feed Capacity
(m3 /24h)

HP Pump Motor rating (kW)

Dimensions
w x l x h (mm)

PWRO-50

50

65

5.5

1200x3550x1800

PWRO-100

100

130

7.5

1200x3550x1800

PWRO-200

200

260

18.5

1200x6600x1800

PWRO-300

300

400

22.0

1300x6600x2000

PWRO-400

400

530

30.0

1500x6600x2000

PWRO-500

500

650

37.0

1500x6600x2000

PWRO-700

700

930

55.0

1700x7200x2000

PWRO-1000

1000

1300

75.0

2100x7200x2400

PWRO-1500

1500

2000

90.0

2100x7200x2500

PWRO-2000

2000

2600

135.0

3200x7200x2500

PWRO-3000

3000

4000

190.0

3400x7800x2500

PWRO-4000

4000

5300

260.0

4800x7800x2500

*approx. HP Pump Pressure: 16 kg/cm 2 , water temperature: 22 0 C; TFC membrane elements 4"&8"x40"; membrane salt rejection 99-99.5%.

ELECTRODEIONIZATION (EDI) SYSTEMS

The EDI process combines two well-established water purification technologies-electrodialysis (ED) and ion-exchange resin deionization. Through this process dissolved salts can be removed with low energy cost and without the need for chemical regeneration. The EDI process normally replaces conventional mixed-bed resin deionizers. The EDI process removes ions from water by forcing them out of the feed stream into an adjacent stream via an electric potential. EDI is different from ED. By using resins in the diluting chambers, the resins allow for more efficient migration of ions in very low conductivity water. The resins operate in a continuous state by acting not as an ion-storage medium but as an ion conduit. Ideally feed water to EDI is RO permeate having a conductivity ranging from 4-30 microsiemens/cm (preferably 4-10). The following feed parameters are also to be adhered to:

•  pH: 5.0 to 9.5 (preferably pH 7.0-8.0).
•  Temperature: 5 0 C to 35 0 C. Optimum quality at 25 0 C
•  Inlet pressure: 4 bar (60 psi) - maximum
•  Outlet Pressure: Concentrate and electrolyte outlet pressures to be lower
    than the product outlet pressure
•  Hardness (as CaCO3): Maximum 1.0 ppm. Recommended 0.1 ppm
•  Organics: Maximum 0.5 ppm TOC. Recommended not detectable
•  Oxidizers: Maximum 0.05 ppm (Cl 2 ). Recommended not detectable Maximum 0.02 ppm (O 3 ).     Recommended not detectable
•  Metals: Maximum 0.01 ppm Fe, Mn, transition metals
•  Total CO2 : Recommended less than 5 ppm

PACT Industrial Electrodeionization Modules

Model No.

Flow Range
(m3 /h)

Flow Range
(gpm)

Operating Voltage (VDC)

Depth (mm)
Width 213mm
Height 559mm

Depth (inch)
Width 8 3/8"
Height 22"

PED-100

50-150 l/h

0.25-0.75

30-80

15

6

PED-200

100-300 l/h

0.5-1.5

60-120

18

7

PED-300

300-900 l/h

1.5-4.0

100-160

23

9

PED-400

0.7-1.5

3.0-7.0

150-250

28

11

PED-500

1.3-2.3

6.0-10.0

200-350

36

14

* The individual modules shown above are normally stacked together on a separate skid or next to reverse osmosis elements on the same skid. System capacities go up to 125 (m3 /h) as standard and larger for custom designed systems by stacking multiples of the modules shown in the table.